The most efficient way to monitor activities relevant to the implementation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) in the territory of a country may be the establishment or appointment of a governmental body to act as a National BTWC Authority - similar to a national authority under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).

Some States have already tasked their national CWC authority to also take on BTWC responsibilities; others have named an exclusive BTWC focal point within their government.

At the practical level, States may use licensing or accreditation measures (for example the licensing of biotechnology companies, laboratories or researchers that carry out work with certain biological agents) or other forms of reporting on relevant work.