In practice, the transposition of the general purpose criterion in Article I of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) into national law is usually supported by the development of lists of biological agents and toxins as well as other biological materials and technologies. The lists developed by the Australia Group (Lists for biological agents and equipment) and the EU-list for export control (Council Regulation (EC) No.1504/2004) may be taken as examples. All lists are indicative only and open-ended. In the context of export controls, this means that a request for a license to export dual-use goods and technologies not specified in national lists shall also undergo an evaluation process if

• the national export control agency informs, or
• the exporter is aware

that the transfer of goods and/or technology, in their entirety or in part, may be intended for a biological weapon purpose.

No internationally-agreed lists for BW-related technologies exist. States that refer to technologies in their export control legislation either address technology transfers in general terms or refer only in generic terms to technology in the context of biological materials and equipment in their lists. During the 6th Review Conference of the BTWC (2006), no agreement could be reached on an open-ended enumeration of possible technologies of concern.